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Hercules and the Wagoner
Hercules and the Wagoner or Carter are the commonest names for a fable credited to Aesop. It also goes by a number of others and is associated with the proverb "God helps those who help themselves", variations on which are found in other ancient Greek authors.
==The Greek proverb==
A number of the fables credited to Aesop seem to have been created to illustrate already existing proverbs.〔Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, ''History of the Graeco-Latin Fable'', Leiden NL 1999, (vol.1, pp.205-9 )〕 The tale of Herakles and the Cowherd, first recorded by Babrius towards the end of the 1st century CE, is one of these. The rustic's cart falls into a ravine and he calls on the deified strongman for help, only to be advised by a voice from Heaven to put his own shoulder to the wheel first. In a variant recorded by the near contemporary Zenobius an ass founders in the mud, while in the later Latin of Avianus it is a cart drawn by oxen that gets stuck there. The fable appears as number 291 in the Perry Index.〔(Aesopica site )〕 Another fable of the same tendency is numbered 30 in that index. It tells of an man who is shipwrecked and calls on the goddess Athena for help; he is advised by another to try swimming ('moving his arms') as well.〔Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, ''History of the Graeco-Latin Fable'', Leiden NL 2003, (volume 3, p.43 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title="The Shipwrecked Man and Athena", Gibbs translation )〕
Evidence that the advice on which they close is old and probably of proverbial origin is provided by its appearance in ancient Greek tragedies, of which only fragments now remain. In the ''Philoctetes'' (c.409 BCE) of Sophocles appear the lines, "No good e'er comes of leisure purposeless; And heaven ne’er helps the men who will not act."〔As translated by E. H. Plumptre in ''Sophocles: Tragedies and Fragments'' volume 2, p165, fragment 288. Also fragment 302 states, "Chance never helps the men who do not work."〕 And in the ''Hippolytus'' (428 BCE) of Euripides there is the more direct, "Try first thyself, and after call in God; For to the worker God himself lends aid."〔Wikiquote〕
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